First, fiber preparation
Due to the wide range of raw materials used in the production of nonwovens and the large differences in performance, in order to ensure product quality and improve processing performance, raw materials must be mixed. Automatic weighing devices are usually used to mix the fibers of various ingredients by mass. The mixed raw materials should be fully opened to remove impurities and further mixed fibers. For natural fibers, emphasis is placed on clearing functions; for chemical fibers, emphasis is placed on opening. The clearing of natural fibers is commonly used in traditional clear spinning techniques, and chemical fibers are often used to open and combine machines.
The common open-blooded processes in foreign countries include the Temafa blending process in Germany, the opening and mixing process of Trutzschler in Germany, and the clearance of Rieter in Switzerland. Mixed process flow.
Second, fiber into the network
Fiber-forming is a proprietary process for the production of nonwoven fabrics. Almost all non-woven fabrics must first be made into a fiber web, just as traditional textile fabrics must have yarns. The fiber web is a skeleton of a non-woven fabric, and the web structure is selected according to the nature of the product and the weight requirement. In order to increase the degree of isotropy of the nonwoven fabric, it is required that the fibers be uniformly distributed in the web and have no significant directivity. There are the following methods for fiber-forming.
1. Dry-laid dry-laid webs are short-fibers that are made into fiber webs by carding or airlaid methods. This method is the earliest production method for nonwovens. The dry-laid product is called a web, which is a web-like structure formed by short-fiber raw materials that have been opened by carding, and it is a semi-finished product of a non-woven fabric. The uniformity of the web, the basis weight, and the directionality of the fiber arrangement directly affect the performance and use of the nonwoven fabric.
2. Wet- processed wet-laid wet-laid webs are improved papermaking techniques that use a suspension of short fiber weft to make a web. The wet-laid web uses natural fibers and chemical fibers that are difficult to be spun under a length of 20 mm, and can also be mixed with some pulps for papermaking. Pulp and fiber are networked together and can be used as an auxiliary bonding method for fiber mesh reinforcement. In the web formed under water flow condition, the fibers are distributed three-dimensionally, and the messy arrangement effect is good. The fibers not only have the advantages of isotropic, but also have better uniformity than dry-laid and spun-laid webs.
3, spinning into the net spinning method (also known as the spunbond method) and the melt-blowing method are polymer extrusion spinning one step into the law. There are many similarities between the two in terms of process principles. Both are melt-spun by a screw extruder. However, the spinning process and the melt-blown process differ in the spinning process, and the properties and morphology of the resulting fibers are also different. The nonwoven fabrics made from fibers have very different properties. The non-woven fabric produced by the spinning and web-forming method has high strength and can be used alone. It also has the characteristics of short production process, high efficiency, large-scale production, and low cost. Meltblown non-woven fabrics are characterized by ultra-fine fiber structure and excellent filtration, bacterial resistance, warmth, but the product strength is low.
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